Gender and Machismo free essay sample

Machismo is a social perfect that decides numerous qualities of Latin American male conduct, which structures collaborations with ladies and other men. Regarding machismo, guys have a broad and practically wild sexual drive, and it is their entitlement to fulfill that longing in the manners they pick. They can show their manliness by having illicit relationships and having ill-conceived youngsters. Interestingly, female sexuality is viewed as an article over which the male consistently has control. Females are required to have just a single sexual accomplice, none previously or outside of marriage. Ladies are simply the ones who are unassuming and giving up toward their youngsters and family (Sanabria, 2007). Machismo sexual conduct is a wellspring of pride for guys and men must demonstrate their masculinity by maintaining their sexual predominance. Thusly, notoriety is one of the main impetuses behind machismo. The overemphasis on sociosexual notoriety clarifies why guys regularly act in socially more secure yet genuinely progressively dangerous ways. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sexual orientation and Machismo or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The men are instructed at an extremely youthful age to be masculine and wind up bringing up their own kids a similar way. Men don't uncover their actual sentiments to anybody as evidence of their masculinity. A man is never to allow somebody to address, condemn or endeavor to demolish their masculinity and not to mention uncover his emotions to anybody in light of the dread that they might some way or another exploit them. Investigations of Latino Masculinity belief system or machismo have distinguished a condition of maladaptive attributes, hurtful to the individuals who embrace macho character characteristics and to others around them. One examination portrayed the macho character group of stars, or machismo, as a principally Hispanic marvel with three characterizing qualities: hard sexuality toward ladies, an impression of brutality as masculine, and the view that threat is energizing (Saez, Casado, Wade, 2009). Machismo is as yet clear in the Latino culture. It is as yet present in our way of life in the network here. It has unquestionably been passed down ages. It is progressively unmistakable in the more established ages. Men despite everything participate in dangerous conduct and savagery towards ladies. Numerous men despite everything experience difficulty communicating their feelings. I have seen machismo in others guardians, kids, and in companions.

The International Effects of Technology essays

The International Effects of Technology papers The International Effects of Technology Atomic innovation has been around since the center of the Twentieth Century; engineered under extraordinary worldwide military weights, atomic innovation brings up numerous issues about the estimation of an innovation that has the capacity to render the planet unfit for human occupation. The mystery race to separate nature into its most miniscule parts the consequence of which made a gigantic wellspring of beforehand obscure vitality, has portrayed our short history with this perilous information. Made in view of momentary objectives, atomic innovation has fashioned human and natural decimation just as the political issues we wind up in today. The creation and utilization of atomic innovation are matters of national or territorial, yet universal concern; our worldwide populace lives in a worldwide biological system, the decimation of which influences every one of us. The race to create atomic innovation was a mystery exertion led by the United States so as to definitively end World War II by methods for weapons of mass pulverization. This exertion was described by the nearsighted perspectives on society entangled in a war of worldwide measurements. Consequently, the objective to win the war outweighed the outcomes of examining, creating, testing lastly discharging these weapons upon populace and military focuses of the adversary. These weapons were created without premonition, dismissing the outcomes of having the necessary information and crude materials also the real aftermath coming about because of their utilization. The end defended the methods; the momentary arrangement was actually fruitful, the weapons conveyed true to form, the foe was crushed and the world has never fully been the equivalent. There was truth be told, almost no prescience that went into arranging how to securely acquire crude materials, test explosions, screen side-effects, discard radioactive waste and deal with the cle... <!

Of Gods And Romans Essay -- essays research papers

Of Gods and Romans The Romans during the hour of their Republic depended on their cutting edge innovation, social structure, authority and governmental issues to accomplish as much as they did. To these individuals, their divine beings influenced these variables and the connections humanity had with them. The legally binding connection among humankind and the divine beings included each gathering in giving, and consequently accepting administrations. The Romans accepted that spirits dwelling in normal and physical articles had the ability to control the procedures of nature, and that man could impact these procedures by emblematic activity. The primary is a crude type of strict statement of faith; the second a sort of enchantment. The administrations by which the Romans planned to impact the powers that guided their lives were immovably settled in custom - the custom of petition and the custom of offering. In either case, the specific execution of the ritual was basic. One slip, and you needed to return to the start and start once more. The very assortment of gods caused issues, as did the sexual orientation of some of them: 'wether you be god or goddess' was a typical equation in Roman supplications. The inspirations of the penances are what of intrigue. More often than not, penances occurred for filtration, request, or festivity. The filtration ceremonial was one that was performed before fight (285). Requesting a deed to be done was extremely mainstream too. One as a rule requested triumph and favorable luck in fight (20). Festivity is the occasion that is by all accounts the most terrific of all. Regardless of whether it is in delight of an enemies’ passing, for example, Mithridates (201), the finish of disease of a pioneer like Pompey (218), or just the happiness that comes after enormous triumph, we see this in Caesar’s rewards in Gaul (264). Some conciliatory occasions occurred so as to approach pardoning and mollification for destruction of a strict adversary (90 †91). Any conciliatory routine was intricate and untidy. The leader of the casualty was sprinkled with wine and bits of hallowed cake produced using flour and salt. At that point its throat was sliced and it was eviscerated to guarantee there was nothing untoward about its guts. On the off chance that there was, it was a terrible sign, yet the entire procedure must be rehashed with a new creature until it came out right. The indispensable organs were singed upon the special stepped area and the body cut into pieces and eaten on the spot, or, more than likely dismissed. At that point the cleric, we... ...als to changes in social conditions and perspectives. To the Romans, the recognition of strict rituals was an open obligation instead of a private drive. Their convictions were established on an assortment of detached and frequently conflicting legendary conventions, a large number of them got from the Greek as opposed to Italian models (90 †91). With no fundamental statement of faith to counter them, outside religions effectively made advances into a general public whose class-structure was being obscured and whose constitution was being changed by social change. The brightness of a portion of the major remote factions had extensive fascination for those raised on natively constructed gods of the hearth and fields. Contrast with current society, the Romans appear to be amazingly odd. Be that as it may, at that point the present significant religions have all through their past debilitated, even fought, notions. Likewise present-day sciences and innovative world permit no place for strange notion. The Romans lived in a time past to this. Their reality was loaded with unexplained marvels, dimness and dread. These qualities influenced each part of Roman life. To Romans, these notions were a splendidly normal part in the connection among divine beings and men.

Simulation Reflection Essay Example

Recreation Reflection Paper This paper is a reflection on three recreations as each identifies with key arranging. The main reenactment, â€Å"Thinking Strategically,† features the significance of natural examining. The subsequent reenactment, â€Å"Developing Grand Strategies,† tested choices made for an organization which lead to powerful procedure detailing and decisions. The third recreation, â€Å"Creating a Strategic Road Map,† gave a reenacted understanding of how to assemble a vital guide concentrating on the significance and adequacy of defining activity plans and objectives. This intelligent methodology will pass on the exercises learned comparative with the significance and adequacy of the key learning focuses acquired through every recreation. The difficulties looked by key organizers will be examined from the disclosures of exercises learned in the three reproductions. Ecological examining gives the chance to point by point knowledge for a company’s current situation just as wanted situation in the business. Checking revelations furnish the organization with attention to admonitions indications of outside conditions confronting contenders and the economy. As appeared in the reenactment, â€Å"Thinking Strategically,† natural filtering urges an organization to assess and advance a fitting vision and an improved ability to read a compass for all partners. The data accumulated in an ecological output, additionally gives the organization future patterns information. This revelation data can caution organization authorities of the rising or declining of patterns not too far off. The recreation utilized a SWOT investigation as a successful device of natural checking. We will compose a custom article test on Simulation Reflection explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Simulation Reflection explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Simulation Reflection explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer An investigation of qualities and shortcomings is gotten through interior sources, though, openings and dangers data is acquired remotely. All SWOT factors are basic for the company’s fruitful procedure. Investigations of each including a coordinated pair examination are fundamental in deciding the future possibilities of the given business and building up a particular industry specialty. In the reproduction, the bicycle organization, BJ’s, manufactured a business on children of post war America. BJ’s brand picture is intended for male extraordinary bikers. Be that as it may, ladies include practically 50% of the biking business. BJ’s recognize key procedure ideas by the utilization of SWOT investigation to accomplish the drawn out vision of turning into the top positioning strength bike retailer as far as income in the following five years. The way to deal with increment showcasing endeavors towards ladies, including employing female specialists, is the most coherent in a worldwide situation where women’s sports and physicality is picking up in ubiquity. Checking one’s condition makes a more clear worldwide representation and essentially impacts all choices vital for ideal business results. All through the reenactment, the essential exercise learned was the benefit of utilizing different wellsprings of data and suggestions that such can have on results of vital arranging. BJ’s and any given organization can profit through utilizing material relating to factual investigations comparable to verifiable information picked up from earlier long periods of activity reports. For instance, industry, populace, age, race, and geographic territories can isolate this data and areas to help with settling on all around educated choices. The aftereffects of such investigation can give an unmistakable heading important to amplifying vital arrangement plans. This assessment will help organizations in seeing how to best fence against contending rehearses by knowing the proper objective crowd and building organization openings planned lavishly to draw in such purchasers, customers and representatives. â€Å"The two most noticeable wellsprings of upper hand can be found in the businesss cost structure and its capacity to separate the business from competitors,† (Pearce and Robinson, Ch. 7). Without natural checking, key organizers will offer data to organizations aimlessly. Negligible interior data can be useful for organization social concerns, however the outside data can demonstrate increasingly gainful dependent on industry norms. The cost of the modern examination reports may appear to be unrestrained, yet when practiced appropriately are entirely significant for organizations hoping to outperform rivalry. This recreation suggests a one time assessment suits the organization, yet as Sam Harrison states in his article about Finding Ideas that Make a Difference, Never quit making. Explore constantly. Appreciate constantly, (Journal of Business Strategy, 2008). The subsequent reproduction, â€Å"Developing Grand Strategies,† was centered around the improvement of a stupendous methodology for an organization. An exercise learned has been the capacity to apply diagnostic devices and ideas to help in the advancement of vital arranging. The toy organization, Oz, was the third biggest toy producing organization in the nation. The organization detailed $3. 5 billion in income. Industry reports saw at Oz anticipated that the business bends were smoothing. Oz chose to adopt a proactive strategy to build up a stupendous system that was reasonable to the business reports. â€Å"Strategies, that include reception of new advances, additionally have sweet spots. Associating with the correct methodology at the perfect time bolstered with the correct assets will create the most ideal results,† (Oliver, 2002). Oz needs a proactive vital reaction to an industry circumstance affected by solidification among producers. Asian imports that have prompted a flood of modest toys and changes in patterns, for example, the expanding buy intensity of customers. The suitable Grand systems should be chosen dependent on the firm’s quadrant situating in the Grand technique bunch. A firm’s quadrant position is recognized utilizing its serious position and the market’s development capacity. The firm’s serious position can be distinguished utilizing a SWOT lattice and industry report. The business report likewise can uncover whether the market is a moderate development or quick development advertise. The chose Grand Strategies dependent on the firm’s quadrant situating helps in choosing the right activity intend to meeting the firm’s objectives. On the off chance that the techniques are off base, the firm’s activity plans may not be exact and may not help the firm gathering its objectives. Building up a dream and figuring out what is basic for the business will help in settling on key business choices. In encountering the Grand Strategy with Oz, the technique utilized is because of the inner and outer states of the business orderly procedures. As the organization expands on qualities and shortcomings, the technique is to make and support an upper hand. In the event that a potential open door emerges, the open door ought to be predictable with what is â€Å"important to the qualities (and vision) of the business. The key point in a business procedure is making sense of what you won't do, not exactly what you are going to do,† (The Bangkok Post, 2002). The Grand Strategy Cluster is the perfect stage for the determination of suitable Grand Strategy. Related to the Grand Strategy Cluster, the SWOT Matrix assists with distinguishing a company’s position. Qualities and Weaknesses in the SWOT grid show the firm’s inside face. Openings and Threats show the firm’s outside face. The SWOT network is critical to recognize the firm’s serious situating. The Grand system group is essential to choose the methodologies dependent on the firm’s serious position and the market’s development ability. Key organizers can utilize the excellent system bunch to get ready for proper present moment and long haul exercises applicable to the organization. Be that as it may, utilization of the stupendous procedure group could prompt more prominent difficulties in picking the correct methodology in reality. On the off chance that the market is changing excessively quick, concentrating on one strategy can get hard to distinguish the perfect procedure. In the event that outside dangers exist sincerely busy executing a system, the firm may think that its hard to change rapidly to address the dangers. So also, the firm’s objective of keeping the investors glad may strife with a portion of the chose methodologies. The investors and the market may not consider some to be the systems as positive. For instance, the firm may get a kick out of the chance to exchange a business work considering its Grand technique group quadrant situating while the investors and the market may think about it as an unseemly methodology. In some cases, the key organizers might not have sufficient information to settle on a proper choice. Organizers may need to make presumptions in case of inaccessibility of information and the suppositions might not be right and may make issues. The above are a portion of the difficulties for vital organizers while choosing the correct technique. In taking a gander at the â€Å"Creating a Strategic Road Map† reenactment, there were a few exercises applied with respect to the significance and viability of the detailing of activity plans and objectives. The reason for the definition of activity plans and objectives are intended for long haul organization targets. From the reproduction, ConstructWell is the main supplier in the particular development administration concentrating on business and framework fragments in North America. The organization ruled the biggest development showcase. Hierarchical achievement made the organization powerless for a takeover by a bigger partnership. ConstructWell chooses to set long haul goals that countered the take

How Panic Disorder Is Diagnosed

How Panic Disorder Is Diagnosed Panic Disorder Diagnosis Print How Panic Disorder Is Diagnosed By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 04, 2019 Universal Images Group / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Coping Related Conditions Do you suspect that you are experiencing the symptoms of panic disorder? Finding out whether or not you have panic disorder begins with a diagnosis. The following describes how panic disorder is diagnosed. The Evaluation Process Only your doctor or a qualified specialist can diagnose you as having a mental health condition. Professionals who treat panic disorder are trained to make an accurate diagnosis. Although the diagnosis of panic disorder is largely clinical, based on the doctors interview, he or she may have you complete self-assessment tools or questionnaires that will ask you questions pertaining to your symptoms. This assessment will give your doctor or therapist an idea of the intensity and duration of your symptoms, along with providing other pertinent information for diagnostic purposes. In the clinical interview, your doctor or therapist will ask more in-depth questions to make an accurate diagnosis. For instance, you may be asked questions regarding your medical history, current symptoms, and recent life changes. Finding out more about you will assist your doctor or therapist in ruling out the possibility of other medical or mental health conditions. The entire diagnostic evaluation process is typically completed within one to two visits. When determining your diagnosis, your doctor or therapist will decide if you meet the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) is a handbook that contains the diagnostic standards for all mental health conditions. Your doctor or therapist will reference the DSM-IV-TR when determining your diagnoses. Panic Disorder Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Diagnostic Criteria According to the DSM-IV-TR, to receive a diagnosis of panic disorder, a person must be experiencing spontaneous panic attacks. These attacks typically occur out-of-the-blue and involve a combination of physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms. Panic attacks often reach a peak within about 10 minutes before gradually subsiding. As outlined in the DSM-IV-TR, panic attacks are experienced through four or more of the following symptoms: Heart palpitations or accelerated heart rateExcessive sweatingTrembling or shakingShortness of breathFeeling of chokingChest painNausea or abdominal painFeeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded, or faintDerealization or depersonalizationFear of losing control or going crazyFear of dyingFeelings of numbness or tingling sensationsChills or hot flashes Related and Co-Occurring Disorders People with panic disorder are often at greater risk for developing an additional mental health disorder. For example, its been estimated that approximately 50% of those diagnosed with panic disorder will experience one episode of major depressive disorder in their lifetimes. Your doctor or therapist will be able to determine if you are experiencing any additional mental health conditions. Aside from depression, panic disorder sufferers are also more likely to have a co-occurring anxiety disorder. Common related disorders include social anxiety disorder (SAD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Given that these conditions share similar symptoms to panic disorder, it is possible you are actually experiencing one of these separate disorders. Your doctor or therapist will be able to determine if you have any of these related conditions. Close to one-third of those diagnosed with panic disorder will also develop a condition known as agoraphobia. This disorder is common among people with panic disorder, as it involves a fear of having panic attacks in situations from which it would be challenging or embarrassing to flee. This fear often leads to avoidance behaviors in which the person avoids certain situations. Typically, avoidances include crowded areas, different modes of transportation, and open spaces. The feelings of fear associated with this condition can become so intense that a person may become homebound with agoraphobia. Follow Up and Treatment Considering that agoraphobia typically develops within the first year a person experiences spontaneous panic attacks, it is important to begin treatment early on. Once you have received a diagnosis of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, you will need to follow through with your treatment plan. The most common treatment options for panic disorder include prescribed medications, psychotherapy, self-help techniques, or a combination of these approaches. Medications for panic disorder can assist in reducing the intensity of panic attacks and feelings of anxiety, and psychotherapy can assist you in building coping skills to manage your condition. Self-care activities, such as relaxation techniques, can help you deal with feelings of stress and anxiety. By getting help, a person with panic disorder can learn to cope with their condition and improve their quality of life.

Lord of the Flies - The Darkness of Mans Heart - Literature Essay Samples

Lord of the Flies delves into the subject of ‘the darkness of man’s heart’. It explores the primitivism and savagery that comes with the human nature through the various characters and language choices. William Golding uses the concept of ‘fear of the unknown’ to show how it creates apprehension amongst the boys which leads to their chaotic behaviour. He explores the result of the absence of authority and order within a society. Golding also uses the boy’s conception of the ‘beastie’ as a symbol of the ‘beast’ within us. The theme of ‘fear of the unknown’ runs throughout the book and is represented through the boys fear of the beast and the island. Fear first starts to appear at nightfall, when the younger boys have appearances of monstrous creatures in their dreams. The boys start wondering if they were in fact not alone on the island and start doubting their safety. â€Å"Ralph’s right of course. There isn’t a snake-thing. But if there was a snake we’d hunt and kill it. We’re going to hunt pigs to get meat for everybody. And we’ll look for the snake too.† (p 48) In this quote, Jack’s repetition of the ‘snake highlights their terror in dealing with the beast. Jack suggests that the ideal approach is to kill the beast even though he has no knowledge of what the beast is or what it is capable of. This shows when faced with a possible threat, human’s natural instinct to eradicate what they are frightened of incapacitates their r ational thinking. Jack uses this fear to gain power and defect the children to join his side where he promises meat and security. â€Å"Piggy and Ralph, under the threat of the sky, found themselves eager to take a place in this demented but partly secure society.† (p 187) Even the most rational characters in this novel felt willing to go against their morals and values to join Jack’s tribe because it assured the somewhat safety against the beast. The boys’ struggle against the beast results in Simon’s gruesome death which symbolises humanity’s incapability when confronted with apprehension. Humankind’s natural instinct to act impulsively in the face of fear makes them savage and unruly. Humans are inherently evil when left to fend for themselves. Without rule or order within a society, they are destined to crumble. The boys in Lord of the Flies come from a world where their parents controlled and educated them. From the moment they arrive on the island, these boundaries are removed and instead the boys must decide for themselves what is judicious. They start off confined by the rules of the society that they were accustomed to. â€Å"His sandy hair, considerably longer than it had been when they dropped in, was lighter now; and his bare back was a mass of dark freckles and peeling sunburn. A sharpened stick about five feet long trailed from his right hand, and except for a pair of tattered shorts held up by his knife-belt he was naked.† (p 66-67) Golding uses Jack’s changing appearance as a metaphor for his diminishing humanity. Already we can see how the island is affecting Jack and turning him into a savage creature. The lack of an authoritative figu re to reprimand the boys creates a state of anarchy and more opportunities for tyranny because of the absence of consequence. Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry threw is to miss†¦ Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which he dare not throw. Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life. (p 62) Roger at first throws the rocks without the intention to harm because he still living by the rules of his past life. Further on in the novel, Roger rolls a boulder off the top of a mountain onto Piggy, killing him instantly, showing that Roger has changed from being a civilised boy who knows the limits to which he is restricted to, to someone who resorts to violence and has inclinations to kill and to harm. The growth of a harmless pebble into a lethal boulder shows Roger’s character development from an innocent boy into a murderous savage. From this, we can see that without civilisation and authority, human s become corrupt and act without consequence or empathy. The beast plays a strong role in the novel because it symbolises the darkness residing within the boys, and within human nature. The boys fear in the beast advances alongside with their savagery. What would a beast eat? / Pig. / We eat pig. / Piggy! (p 104) Golding uses this line and the repetition of the word ‘pig’ to foreshadow the boys killing Piggy. The beast is a metaphor for the boys’ primitive nature. The beast begins as only the construction of the younger boys, but starts to develop and grow into the evil within them. â€Å"’Unless we get frightened of people.’ / A sound, half-laugh, half-jeer, rose among the seated boys.† (p 105) Piggy was the first to suggest that maybe the beast was not tangible and instead a manifestation of their own sinfulness and savagery. The boys immediately reject this idea and laugh mockingly at him. They have already been convinced that the beast is real and find it harder to grasp the fact that the beast could be only a figment of their own imagination. â€Å"What I mean is†¦ Maybe it’s only us.† (p 111) Simon also suggests the inexistence of the beast. Golding uses Simon as a character who is a symbol of humanity and compassion. Simon has a strong understanding of what the beast really is, especially after his encounter with â€Å"the Lord of the Flies.† It is ironic that the only two virtuous characters, Piggy and Simon, are the ones who get murdered showing the true power of the beast. The beast embodies primitive human behaviour in their most natural state. Ultimately, Lord of the Flies shows that humans are innately evil. Golding suggests that the ‘fear of the unknown’ allow the boys to succumb to foolishness and irrationality. The absence of the rules of civilisation in Lord of the Flies causes chaos and disorder amongst the boys. Without the order of daily life, humans run wild. It reflects upon the darkness in human nature, which is apparent with the symbolism of the beast. Lord of the Flies presents an unnerving portrayal of the true darkness within man’s heart.

Historical Developments in Supply Chain Management

------------------------------------------------- Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The term supply chain management was first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century, especially with the creation of the assembly line. The characteristics of this era of supply chain management include the need for large-scale changes, re-engineering, downsizing driven by cost reduction†¦show more content†¦Outsourced technology hosting for supply chain solutions debuted in the late 1990s and has taken root primarily in transportation and collaboration categories. This has progressed from the Application Service Provider (ASP) model from approximately 1998 through 2003 to the On-Demand model from approximately 2003-2006 to the Software as a Service (SaaS) model currently in focus today. 6. supply chain management 2.0 (SCM 2.0) Building on globalization and specialization, the term SCM 2.0 has been coined to describe both the changes within the supply chain itself as well as the evolution of the processes, methods and tools that manage it in this new era. Web 2.0 is defined as a trend in the use of the World Wide Web that is meant to increase creativity, information sharing, and collaboration among users. At its core, the common attribute that Web 2.0 brings is to help navigate the vast amount of information available on the Web in order to find what is being sought. It is the notion of a usable pathway. SCM 2.0 follows this notion into supply chain operations. It is the pathway to SCM results, a combination of the processes, methodologies, tools and delivery options to guide companies to their results quickly as the complexity and speed of the supply chain increase due to theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Developments in Supply Chain Management1151 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Historical developments in supply chain management Six major movements can be observed in the evolution of supply chain management studies: Creation, Integration, and Globalization (Movahedi et al., 2009), Specialization Phases One and Two, and SCM 2.0. 1. creation era The term  supply chain management  was first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, inRead MoreGlobal Sourcing And Global Supply Management1542 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal sourcing and global supply management are both very important concepts in global supply chain management. Global sourcing, on the one hand, is the process of procurement or obtaining much cheaper goods and services from foreign to domestic markets. Global supply management, on the other hand, can fit a narrative of implementation, maintenance, and control of strategic processes of buying, including outsourcing from low-cost countries. Many companies and international organizations todayRead MoreDemand Forecasting And Supply Chain1628 Words   |  7 Pages1 INTRODUCTION With the vast increase of development of economy, companies started developing global logistics and supply chain. In general, logistics and supply chain are the key to maintain the normal operation of the business. However, globalization has changed the way the business operates, it gives companies potential threats but it also provides valuable chances. In this regard, it is necessary to manage supply chain. Demand forecasting and estimation provide significant information about theRead MoreHistory Of Green Supply Chain Management1324 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmentally sustainable (Green) supply chain management has gained attention within the area of industry, because the environmental issue is one of the serious concern for governments. Green supply chain management is one of the key approach for Chinese manufacturing industry to achieve their market share objectives and to make maximum profit for the companies(van Hock and Erasmus, 2000). Green supply chain management is a ma nagement with combination of environmental and supply-chain, considering environmentalRead MoreMain Characteristics Of The Three Analytical Frameworks Supply Chain Management1537 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay, I will outline the main characteristics of the three analytical frameworks supply chain management (SCM), global commodity chains (GCCs) and global production networks (GPNs) and assess their strengths and weaknesses. The approaches differ and share similarities in their objectives, ideas, actors, perspectives, focus and conceptual tools. Firstly, Supply Chain Management approach is characterised in its focus on comparative advantage through cost and value advantage. It can be perceivedRead MoreCulture Mistakes by Pizza Hut1311 Words   |  6 Pages2010. Donovan  , R. Michael (2005).  Effective Supply Chain Management (Movahedi et al., 2009, defining supply chain management, evolution of supply chain studies Lambert, 2008) mentioned by Cooper et. al., 1997 Enclyclopedia of e-commerce (2009), definition of supply chain management 2007 – Springer; J Oleskow, M Fertsch, P Golinska, data mining as the efficient tool for the effective supply chain integration LIU.,F; study and explore the supply chain base on CRM, 10 Mar 2011   Tseng, D. S., CoxRead MoreL.L. Bean, Inc.: Item Forecasting and Inventory Management1742 Words   |  7 Pages#:  IMB323-PDF-ENG Founded in 1997, Subhiksha had grown from one store in 1997 to more than 1000 retail outlets in 2008. It sold FMCG, grocery, pharmacy, mobile products, and fruits and vegetables (Famp;V). It was the largest supermarket and mobile retail chain in India with presence in 90 cities. Although organized retail was identified as a high-growth area by the middle of 2008, players had realized that organized retail in India was going to be tough business. Various players (Reliance, Bharti, BirlaRead MoreWalmart: Planning and Controlling the Supply Chain1471 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning and Controlling the Supply Chain Introduction Wal-Mart is a retail giant that operates many stores around the world. Its resound market success has a basis on low prices and one stop shopping for a wide variety of goods in their superstores and discount centers. Over the years Wal-Mart has become the worlds largest and arguably the most powerful retailer with the highest sales per square foot, inventory turnover and operating profit of any discount retailer. The organization owesRead MoreStrategic Sourcing Of A Supply Chain Management1271 Words   |  6 PagesResponsible Sourcing Before a supply chain manager can truly understand strategic sourcing, they must have a good working knowledge of the purchasing and procurement processes, which I will explain in detail later in my research. Strategic sourcing is an aspect of supply chain management that is becoming more prevalent in the business world. Without strategic sourcing a firm will not and cannot maximize the potential of its supply chain and altogether meet the company’s overall business goalsRead MoreFacing The Changing Of Enterprise External Environment1319 Words   |  6 PagesFacing the changing of enterprise external environment, it asks for managers should stand at the height of strategic management to makes an overall plan for the development of the enterprise. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has great advantages in the link of enterprise strategy and performance management. It covers strategic areas, and includes human resource management. However, it has many shortages and theoretical def ect. Recent research (Rui Z and Ming J, 2001) argued that most research on performance

love - 952 Words

2. What are some of the ways that a document examiner might try to match a questioned document to a specific typewriter? What aspects might they look at?ove is a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes that ranges from interpersonal affection (I love my mother) to pleasure (I loved that meal). It can refer to an emotion of a strong attraction and personal attachment.[1] It can also be a virtue representing human kindness, compassion, and affection—the unselfish loyal and benevolent concern for the good of another.[2] It may also describe compassionate and affectionate actions towards other humans, one s self or animals.[3] Ancient Greeks identified four forms of love: kinship or familiarity (in Greek, storge),†¦show more content†¦For example, compassionate outreach and volunteer workers love of their cause may sometimes be born not of interpersonal love but impersonal love, altruism, and strong spiritual or political convictions.[15] People can also love material objects, animals, or activities if they invest themselves in bonding or otherwise identifying with those things. If sexual passion is also involved, then this feeling is called paraphilia.[16] Interpersonal love Interpersonal love refers to love between human beings. It is a much more potent sentiment than a simple liking for another. Unrequited love refers to those feelings of love that are not reciprocated. Interpersonal love is most closely associated with interpersonal relationships.[15] Such love might exist between family members, friends, and couples. There are also a number of psychological disorders related to love, such as erotomania. Pair of Lovers. 1480–1485 Throughout history, philosophy and religion have done the most speculation on the phenomenon of love. In the 20th century, the science of psychology has written a great deal on the subject. In recent years, the sciences of psychology, anthropology, neuroscience, and biology have added to the understanding of the nature and function of love. Biological basis Main article: Biological basis of love Biological models of sex tend to view love as a mammalian drive, much like hunger or thirst.[17] HelenShow MoreRelatedThe Love Of Love And Love1732 Words   |  7 Pagesstill today, love is one of the most talked about topics, from the media to our everyday lives. It is described as being one of the best feelings on earth, and one that many cannot live without. Being in love gives a feeling of purpose; something to live and strive for. Everyone in this world desires love in any form, whether it is with family, friends, or a romantic partner. It is a basic human need. Basic needs are said to motivate people when they are essentially unmet. When love and affectionRead MoreLove And Love : My Love Of Love724 Words   |  3 Pagesthis did not stop me, and I continued my kindergarten career chasing after a boy in my class, making him hold my hand every time we went to recess. Alas, this crush continued until middle school, and I will always remember this boy as my first-first love at sig ht. Despite the infatuation my six year old self found herself in, there laid a sort of mystery around girls. It was not until I was in sixth grade when I started developing an inclining around the other girls I spent a majority of my time withRead MoreLove : A Kind Of Love1671 Words   |  7 Pages Intro to lit. 125 A Kind of Love Love is eternal. The boundary of love is not defined yet and can never be defined. Love has created a wonderful cities and has also destroyed the wonderland. Some classify love as something that you feel for some people sometimes. It is often linked or used interchangeably with lust. Others feel that it is something that is constant and untouched by judgement and feeling. The true eternal love is hard to find in this world and few lucky peopleRead MoreLove : Love And Relationships Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesLove and relationships Love is a significant aspect in people’s lives that requires commitment and attention. Despite the many assumptions on love, it is important to understand that happiness in love comes from sharing not only the good but also the bad. In order to have a successful relationship, there is need to understand that love requires sacrifices as well as endeavoring to cultivate love for mutual benefit. If true love existed in the world, there would be no need for divorce. EveryoneRead MoreLove And War And Love1513 Words   |  7 Pageswar and love. They also have their own opinions on a way to go about these things. These two subjects seem to be completely opposite of each other, but they still manage to tie in together. They might not be the same thing but in certain scenarios they can be viewed as the same thing. For example, in some situations love can be considered the same as war. However, love and war can contradict themselves at the same time to. Sometimes, love can bring war, but war can also lead people to love. It allRead MoreFriendship, Love, And Love1401 Words   |  6 PagesFriendship and romantic love are two of the most fundamental relationships that human beings engage in. As social animals, most humans are naturally drawn to form bonds of affection with other people. Both friendship and love, however, are difficult to fully define and conceptualize. The fundamental meaning of each has changed throughout the course of human history a nd appears in different forms among different cultures. Modern interpretations of friendship and love will guide this explication, asRead MoreLove : The Nature Of Love1912 Words   |  8 PagesThe Nature of Love in Till We Have Faces The concept of love is a varying, odd and often fleeting thing. It is one of the single things in this world that almost every person might have a different definition for. People have even created different languages in which to give and receive love so we might understand and better love one another, to which everyone s is different. Over time the definition of love has changed - yes it may always have stayed the same in the dictionary, but the perceptionRead MoreLove Is A Feeling Of Love1206 Words   |  5 Pagesare born to love. Love can be defined in an infinite amount of words, terms and definitions. More important than the definition itself is the actual act of love. Love is profound and we as humans encounter love at every, albeit different stages of our lives. For most individuals, we experience love as early on as birth, our first memories of love are generally between three and five years of age, whether that memory is being tucked in by a parent or relative, or a kiss g oodnight. Love is a feelingRead MoreLove Is The Type Of Love990 Words   |  4 PagesLove, a combination of strong emotions, concerns, and desires one feels for another human being. It could be shown by ones behavior and sexual attraction towards the person whom they love. There are many facets of love that was described within the text such as passionate, unrequited, companionate, consummate love and many others. The love type of relationship that I would be focusing on is an intimate partner kind of love. According to Sternberg, the ideal kind of love which consist of intimacyRead MoreLove1186 Words   |  5 Pagesis the theme of love. Philia, Eros, and Agape are the three types of love present in the play and are what represent the theme of love. These three types of love, Philia, Eros, and Agape are expressed by the different characters in the play. The expression of the theme of love in the play is not just there by accident; William Shakespeare put it in this comedic and romantic play with a purpose. Philia is one of the three kinds of love expressed in the play. The type of love that Philia represents

Abortion Not For The Abortion Act Of 1967 - 1518 Words

â€Å"Abort Abortion: Not as easy as It Sounds† Abortion is a very questionable practice, but in many countries is legal if the mother is a victim of rape, or the birth of the child threatens the mother’s own life. Every country has a different approach to abortion. For some, abortion is completely illegal while other countries allow abortion under specific circumstances. Great Britain, Indonesia, and the United States have very different laws when it comes to abortion, but they also share some common requirements. Each year in Indonesia, millions of women become pregnant unintentionally, and many choose to end their pregnancies, despite the fact that abortion is generally illegal. Like their counterparts in many developing countries where abortion is stigmatized and highly restricted, Indonesian women often seek clandestine procedures performed by untrained providers, and resort to methods that include ingesting unsafe substances and undergoing harmful abortive massage (Sedgh, Ball). In Great Britain, abortion is quite freely available thanks to the Abortion Act of 1967. However, there are restrictions to the legality of this. Within the first 24 weeks of pregnancy, abortion is allowed if the life of the mother is at risk, fetal abnormality is detected, or social/economic reasons pose an issue just to state a few. Abortion laws in the United States are a bit varied due to the split between federal and state laws. Each state has their own restrictions on abortion, though inShow MoreRelatedAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice983 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion has been a heated debate in the United States for decades. Since before the ruling on Roe v. Wade, it is clear that this is an issue that is far from ever being decided upon. Between those who are pro-life and those who are pro-choice, scholars from both sides work on disproving the morality of the other side. With the evolution of abortion laws and regulation through the decades, it is difficult to imagine the United States without conflict pertaining to abortion. Despite pro-life and pro-choiceRead MoreEssay on Abortion789 Words   |  4 PagesEssay on abortion What is abortion? An abortion is the medical process of ending a pregnancy so  it does not result in the birth of a baby. It  is also sometimes known as a termination or a termination of pregnancy. Depending on how many weeks you have been pregnant, the pregnancy is ended either by taking medication or by having a surgical procedure. The law on abortion in the uk: Abortion  is legal in  England, Scotland and Wales  up to the 24th week of pregnancy. However, if there isRead MoreThe Effects Of Illegal Termination Of Pregnancies On The Quality Of Life Among Female1114 Words   |  5 PagesNURSING. APRIL,2016. ABSTRACT Illegal abortion is a general problem in the Society. It is frequently followed by Physical, Social and psychological complications. The study was carried out to find out the effects of illegal abortion among female minors in Ojo Local Government Area. The rational for this Study is to educate the female minors of Ojo Local Government Area on’ sex education, which will help to prevent and control the occurrence of illegal abortion. The need for this study arose becauseRead MoreThe Different Impressions of People About the 1960s Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesthe contraceptive pill, abortion and divorce laws, education, jobs and pay. The conceptive pill invention gave women freedom and now they could plan their own lives. The abortion act of 1967 was made so that abortion was made legal but it was strictly controlled under medical supervision, this was because the government wanted to stop ’back street abortions’ which were carried out by untrained people and was very dangerous. The pill and the abortion act together gave womenRead MoreThe Need For Civil Disobedience Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Morreall discusses the act of civil disobedience. He states that the act of civil disobedience can be justifiable. One of the acts that he talks about is the act of nonviolence. He holds that people like Stuart Brown, Rex Martin, and Michael Bayles admit to an act of civil disobedience; but states that nonviolent civil disobedience is justifiable and that violent civil disobedience is not justifiable. (Morreall, 1976) Abortion Civil Disobedience Abortion is it right or wrong? ThisRead MoreArgumentative Essay: Abortion1075 Words   |  5 PagesEssay, I am arguing that abortion is wrong and not to be mistaken with Abortion should be made illegal. I will explain later why I have made this statement. Abortion is the termination of an unborn child in its mothers womb for up to twenty four weeks of the pregnancy or in special circumstances e.g. Disability diagnosis a termination right up until the mother goes in to labour. I think the above definition is an easier and less harsh way of saying that abortion is the murdering ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Illegal? Essay845 Words   |  4 Pagesthink abortion should be illegal and the choice of women to choose what to do about their own bodies and pregnancies is being considered getting taken away from them? Abortion is a medical procedure that terminates pregnancy. It is usually done during the first twelve months of pregnancy, called the first trimester. Abortion has been legal ever since 1973 after the Roe v. Wade court case. This court case overturned all state laws in the United States restricting a woman’s access to abortion proceduresRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Rights Essay2466 Words   |  10 Pagesto every single individual. Throughout history, induced abortions have been a source of great debate and controversy since ethical, religious, political and personal issues coincide. Two great contrasting views have arisen as a result of this. The â€Å"pro-life† view supp orts the rights of an unborn child measuring life of the foetus from the moment of conception. On the contrary, the â€Å"pro-choice† view prioritises the mother’s right to abortion with a belief that every woman should have the right toRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1282 Words   |  6 PagesAbortions are one of the countless subjects that every person has an interpretation about. As defined by the 2012 Merriam-Webster dictionary, an abortion is, â€Å"the conclusion of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, succeeding in, or closely shadowed by the passing of the embryo or fetus as a natural removal of a human fetus during the first 12 weeks of gestation also known as a miscarriage, the tempted exclusion of a human fetus, or the dismissal of a fetus by a local animal often due to infection atRead MoreEssay on Christian Attitudes to Abortion544 Words   |  3 PagesChristian Attitudes to Abortion For Christians there are many sources of authority; leaders of the church, religious teachers, and even their own conscience. The main source however is the Bible; it helps guide Christians, and affects their attitude towards everyday life. Abortion, the act of terminating the life of a foetus (unborn child) before it has had a chance to live, was legalised in England in 1967 (The Abortion Act), however many Christians are still undecided

Growth of the Rastafarian Movement Essay - 822 Words

Since its founding in the 1930s, the Rastafarian movement has grown to the point where it has become a major cultural and political force in Jamaica. During its existence, the movement has challenged Jamaicas neo-colonialist societys attempts to keep whites at the top and blacks at the bottom of the socio-economic structure. Because of its controversial actions, the movement has evoked responses from observers that range from hostility to curiosity (Forsythe 63). On one hand, Rastafarians have been criticized because of their belief that Haile Selassie, the former emperor of Ethiopia, is God and that marijuana (ganja) should be used as a religious sacrament. On the other hand, the Rastafari have been praised for their continual†¦show more content†¦There are several possible explanations for the rapid growth of Rastafari. One major factor in its expansion was the emergence in the late 1960s of reggae music, a derivative of American rhythm and blues and Jamaican ska. Reggae helped spread the philosophy of Rastafari to the wider Jamaican audience and the world. During that period of time, Bob Marley and the Wailers were the principal popularizers of reggae. Before Marleys death in 1981, the Wailers, with albums like Burnin (1973) and Survival (1979), articulated a message of liberation and redempt ion which had the power to transform a world of injustice and war into one of peace and love (Reid 172). By 1986, the Wailers ten albums had sold more than 20 million copies (Jennings 69). Marley and his music were significant forces in the increased popularity of the movement. Barrett felt that the growth of the movement was largely due to the charismatic personality of Robert Nesta Marley (213). Davis and Simon proposed that the Wailers music had thrust the Rasta cosmology into the middle of the planets cultural arenas, and suddenly people [wanted] to know what all the chanting and praying and obsessive smoking of herb [were] all about (Reggae Bloodlines 63). Because Marleys music was such a powerful force in the rise of the Rastafarian movement, there are many popular and scholarly writings which focus on Marley and his music. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Origins of the Rastafarian Movement Essay example1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe Origins of the Rastafarian Movement Rastafarianism is a fascinating world religion that began in the 1930s in Jamaica. This movement was set forth to make the black population not to feel oppressed to the whites. In this movement the culture of a Rastafarian spread, but what the people outside of this culture enjoyed the most from a Rastafarian is reggae. This brought about many singers, but the main one was Bob Marley. Rastafarianism is a politico - religious movement that developed inRead MoreBob Marley1577 Words   |  7 Pagesbut was anything but a free nation. Those in power chose to exploit the country’s few main exports, primarily bauxite, a mineral used in the process of manufacturing aluminum. The first ten years of Jamaican independence saw considerable economic growth, but these gains were held back from the country’s urban poor. From his book, Reggae, Rastafari, and the Rhetoric of Social Control, Stephen A. King writes, â€Å"After independence, the Jamaican Labor Party’s â₠¬Å"Five Year Plan† did not produce economicRead MoreEssay about Dreadlocks and Individualism1593 Words   |  7 Pagesindividualism, they are your Dreadlocks. The art of dreadlocks can be traced back to the Ancient Caribbean islands such as Jamaica where they were fine tuned to perfection by Rastafarians. Here at Syracuse University, students give a new meaning to what it is like to be a part of the dreadlock society without having to be a Rastafarian, a black radicalist, or politically correct. In fact, being able to be different and sculpt the hair away from the average trends on campus creates this off beat group--TheRead MoreBob Marley, Reggae Artist And Icon1527 Words   |  7 Pagesinjustices of the effective working class people around the world. Bob Marley s distinguishing characteristics in his songs resulted in his success, especially love and openly political songs. Another distinguishing characteristic of Marley is that the Rastafarian religion and the political roots in which it came from to guide the music and lyrics. The music genre Reggae was popularized in Jamaica in the late 1960’s. Although today reggae is more generalized to Jamaican dance music. According to the articleRead MoreMUSLIM VS. RASTAFARIANS Islam interprets the relationship between a man2318 Words   |  10 Pages MUSLIM VS. RASTAFARIANS Islam interprets the relationship between a man and a woman as one, which should make many babies while living a peaceful existence. â€Å"...(God) has created men and women as company for one another, and so that they can reproduce and live in peace and serenity according to the commandments of Allah and the directions of his messenger.† On the other hand,â€Å"...(Rastafarians) view the position (of) women as a (weak-willed) one.† â€Å"...(Although) women are respected,...(and sometimes)Read More Michael Manley and Rastafarianism Essay3781 Words   |  16 PagesParty marked the beginning of this movement. During this time of exploration, Rastafarians residing in Jamaica were faced with little political support. Government objectives and reform were generally not concerned with the plight of the Rastafarians, and they were treated as a group of vigilantes. Michael Norman Manley, Prime Minister of Jamaica from 1972-1980 and 1989-1992, was the first political figure to provide support for the large population of Rastafarians residing in Jamaica. It was underRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesacquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds, Ennis Barrington. Rastafari : from outcasts to culture bearers / Ennis Barrington Edmonds. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513376-5 1. Rastafari movement. 2. Jamaica—Religious life and customs. I. Title. BL2532.R37 E36 2002 299†².676—dc21 2002074897 v To Donnaree, my wife, and Donnisa, my daughter, the two persons around whom my life revolves; and to the ancestors whose struggles have enabledRead MoreBook Review of Mirror, Mirror Essay1960 Words   |  8 PagesNettleford was also a recipient of the prestigious Rhodes scholarship to Oxford University. He is the author of other similar books such as: Inward Stretch Outward Reach: A Voice from the Caribbean; Caribbean Cultural Identity and co-wrote, The Rastafarians in Kingston, Jamaica along with many other culturally dynamic pieces of work. Prof. Nettleford was also well known as founder and principal choreographer of the celebrated National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica (Humber 2011). As a leadingRead MoreHistory of Jamaican Music1268 Words   |  6 PagesIn the slums of West Kingston, the Rastafarians adopted African-influenced burru drumming to create a sound known as Rasta music or Rasta chant. The Rasta chant of the 1950s was not yet full-blown reggae. It lacked melody, but it had reached the ears of the mainstream and planted seeds for the wild success of reggae music in the 1960s and 70s. (Jennifer King) Dancehall is the voice of the next generation, In the mid 70’s Jamaica a new cultural movement began amongst urban youth in Kingston;Read More Neocolonialism in Jamaica Essay6862 Words   |  28 Pagesunder cultivation dropped 18% between 1945 and 1968 resulting in even more dependence on foreign food suppliers. In addition, it became more difficult to effectively change public policy when it was most needed because the organized working class movement dissolved and relocated. (Campbell, 1987: 86-87) Evidence shows a correlation between the arrival and influence of bauxite companies and the cultivation of marijuana. Ganja is the one high-yield cash crop existing in Jamaica and is second only

Northstowe Good or Bad Free Essays

In this study, I will endeavour to discover if Northstowe is the answer to Cambridge’s problems and if anything has been learnt from development of earlier settlements, such as Bar Hill, Cambourne and Arbury. This means I am going to review the circumstances that were there when the settlements were built and see if the move made by the planners at the time was best for what happened in terms of the growth of the population and people wanting to live and work in the Cambridgeshire area, this has caused a lack of houses. This has meant huge price rises in houses making them unaffordable for first time buyers in the area. We will write a custom essay sample on Northstowe Good or Bad or any similar topic only for you Order Now As people cannot move into Cambridge directly because of the lack of housing, they have to move into the surrounding villages and towns making them also full, this is producing a lot of traffic moving in and out of Cambridge everyday which is a huge problem as the roads cannot handle the amount of traffic as Cambridge is a medieval town and was meant for horse and carts. This has created a lot of problems such as congestion and pollution. I went to Cambridge, Arbury, Oakington, Cambourne and Bar Hill to compare the housing, layout of the settlement, the environment and the services and jobs available. I was looking for open spaces, good sized houses and houses in good condition and overall a nice environment to live in. I collected my data from what I observed and my thoughts of the visited location. Chapter 1 Just after the Second World War men were coming home and having spent years with the officers who were previously thought to be way above their class discovered that they weren’t so different and so there was a huge demand for housing as men and their wives began to want houses of their own away for the family. Bar Hill began to be planned for in 1952 after the Development plan tried to contain growth, including the industrial growth inside the city of Cambridge and to limit the population to 100,000. Growth was instead to be encouraged in a ring of key villages around Cambridge. By 1964 these villages had grown so fast that the villagers were concerned that the character of the villages would be lost, so other villages further away were encouraged to grow. Also the idea of developing six new villages was put forward. Bar Hill was the only site to be developed. It met the three basic criteria, single ownership, marketable location, and well related to the existing development pattern. Bar Hill was designed to have 1,250 houses, shopping and social facilities and a light industrial estate. It used the â€Å"Radburn† design principle which is where vehicles and pedestrians are segregated by having a perimeter road which has residential cul-de-sacs inside, linked by pedestrian routes leading to the village centre. Bar Hill was divided into 12 parts residentially and it was up to private developers who would meet some of the cost of village infrastructure and services. Developers needed to sell houses at a competitive price and soaring caused several developers to sell out, and slowed development. The village centre didn’t get built soon enough and so this discouraged people to buy houses more. The council had to eventually pay for a new fly over to encourage development, something that should have been paid for by the developers. A local plan was made that made the final population 5,000 and demanded higher quality housing as produced originally, before developers tried to cut costs. During the 70’s houses building was slow but once the remaining land was sold off in parcels, construction speed up, although many low quality houses had already been built. More warehousing and office floorspace was put forward to decrease the commuting in and out of the village and create a more inwardly motivated community. The parish council promoted community facilities and in 1980 the village hall was finally built. A lot of progress was made when Tesco gained permission to build a superstore and petrol station, although Tesco bought the land and controlled what shops were allowed to operate. Tesco continued to grow, developing its floorspace and range of goods, it provides many jobs, although it reduced the number of smaller shops and services in Bar Hill. Industrially the land was taken up steadily, in 1985 there were 6 units vacant for a total of 56. Bar hill has attracted firms from abroad, other parts of the country and local companies wishing to expand in the area. In 1994 South Cambridgeshire District Council granted outline planning permission for the settlement of Cambourne, 9 miles west of Cambridge and south of the A428 in the parishes of Bourn and Caxton. It is planned on 1000 acres of land to be an almost self contained community. When completed it will be 3,300 houses planned around three villages with traditional village greens, a local shopping centre, a 50 acre business park, shops, community facilities, such as a health centre, library and community centre, two primary schools, a public open space including a country park and recreational facilities such as a golf course. In 1998 construction began on the infrastructure of the first housing areas as well as the site entrance and roundabouts. The first residents began living in Cambourne in august 1999, with 75 homes including low cost housing, occupied by the end of the year. More roads were built as more houses were built. Work began on the first phase of the business park, building two units. Landscaping started and the country park began. Construction began on the sewage system and balancing lakes. More houses and roads completed in Great Cambourne in 2000 and work started in on lower Cambourne, with 170 families living there by the end of June. Monkfield park primary school completed along with the first children’s play area. The first phone box, post box and notice board were provided. Footpaths built in the Eco Park and country park. Structural landscaping continued on the outskirts of the site and Great Cambourne village green, and the five balancing lakes were finished. Morrison’s supermarket opened in 2003. Planning permission for 1774 more houses was refused. By Easter 885 houses were occupied. 90 houses were built in 1999 and 300 more are being built per year over a further 11 years. 900 of the approximate 3,300 houses are to be rented. The homes are meant to be for all ranging from one to six bed roomed apartments and houses, retirement homes and affordable housing. The 50 acre business park, 5 acre industrial estate and village shops and services will provide at least 3,000 jobs so many villagers can live and work in Cambourne. Two primary schools will eventually be provided at Cambourne. Secondary education will be provided at an expanded Comberton village college. Once the 1000th house has been occupied the community centre has to be built. It is fifteen years since the government recognised that developers receiving planning permission should be expected to make a contribution to the local community from the uplift in value which occurs when planning permission is granted. This policy was enshrined in section 106 of the Town and Country planning act 1990 which introduced a system of planning obligations enforced by contract between the local authority and the developer. At the same time the provision for affordable houses became a material consideration. This means that permission could be refused unless an appropriate contribution was agreed in areas where there was an identified need for additional affordable housing, which encompassed the vast majority of areas in England. Providing affordable housing in this way has the potential for meeting thereof the government’s main affordable housing objectives. Ensuring land is made available for that housing and does not have to be bought by housing associations on the open market. Providing a financial contribution from developers to expand the supply of affordable housing that can be obtained given available government funding. Supporting the mixed communities agenda both by putting as much as possible of the supply on the same sites as market housing and mixing what is provided between social renting and intermediate tenures to ensure that a range of household groups are on the site. This relates to the Greenbelt because if anything is going to be built on the Greenbelt, it has to be sent to the government to be approved which if it is given shows a true cause and it will also be a good thing for the place where it is being built. Chapter 2 In this section I have included annotated photos of the sites that went to and graphs to show the results of the neighbourhood survey. I am going to discuss how well each site was designed to be a residential environment, whether it has a well designed environment and whether or not the facilities are adequate whether self-contained or not and whether there are any problems for example parking or traffic and whether it helps to solve Cambridge’s problems. Accordia, Brooklands Avenue Catherine Square, Arbury Oakington Bar Hill Cambourne Brooklands Avenue, as you can see in photo 1 the site was clean, the traffic was light and the houses were in good condition but the houses were not very spacious, there was a lack of privacy as well as a lack of open space and a lack of parking. As the graph 1, 2 and 3 show Brooklands Avenue although the housing isn’t spacious show that the environment around is nice and it’s in Cambridge and so there is not far to go to get into the centre. This suggests that it could have been planned better as the houses are not very private and are quite small, this maybe because the flats where built on a brownfield site so the planners did the best they could also there is a lack of parking which is a problem because people will have 2 park on the street outside, creating the traffic problem worse. From my analysis you can see that the recent high density like Accordia near the centre of Cambridge are bad because they create more traffic problems and there isn’t enough room to house the cars. This supports the suggestion that settlement growth should be in new settlements like Northstowe because it takes the parked cars off of the roads in Cambridge making the traffic move more swiftly. Arbury, as you can see in photo 2 the site is clean, the traffic was light, the houses were in a good condition, there was open space, it was more private than in Brooklands Avenue and the houses were more spacious and there was off street parking. As graph 1, 2 and 3 suggest the environment is well planned because there is open space, it is clean, and the housing is spacious and private. From my analysis you can see that recent low density developments like Catherine Square on the outskirts of Cambridge are good because it takes people out of Cambridge but bad because they have to commute into Cambridge to work. This both supports and doesn’t support the suggestion that settlement growth should be in new settlements like Northstowe because although it would be getting people out of the centre of Cambridge they would want to commute back into Cambridge to work so the traffic problems would worsen. Oakington, as you can see in photo 3 the site is clean, the traffic was light, there is off street parking, there was a variety of housing styles and the landscape was nice. As graph 1, 2 and 3 suggest the environment was well planned, the houses were in good condition, the houses appeared spacious, there appeared to be amenities and the privacy was good, unlike Brooklands Avenue. This suggests the environment is well planned because the houses were in good condition, there was no vandalism, the houses had privacy, the area was clean and the place was well landscaped. From my analysis you can see that old low density developments like Oakington outside of Cambridge are good because the housing is much better and the area is generally nicer, this supports the suggestion that settlement growth should be in new settlements like Northstowe because it is out of the city so better housing can be built and the landscaping will be better, however the commuting traffic will still be a problem inside the centre of Cambridge. Bar Hill, as you can see in photo 4 the housing is small, and the style is unvaried and there is a lack of landscape, but the environment is clean and the houses are in good condition, but as graph 1, 2 and 3 suggest the poor housing outweighs the good environment and the closeness to services and jobs. This suggests the environment was well planned but because it was built in the 50’s the planners didn’t think ahead and so the houses are too small and all the same style because they were built to budget. From my analysis you can see that the recent development of Bar Hill outside Cambridge is good because it is possible to never leave Bar Hill because you can work, shop and eat there but people commute to other places to work because the work there is all the same, this is a problem because of the traffic going into Cambridge causing pollution and congestion. Cambourne, as you can see in photo 5 has open spaces, spacious houses, the houses have amenities, the houses are styled differently, there private and there all in good condition. As graph 1, 2 and 3 show this was probably the best place we visited as I had the highest average score, also the area was clean, it was quiet, well landscaped and the traffic was light. This suggests the environment is well planned because of the good roads, the off street parking, the open space and the pavement for pedestrians. From my analysis you can see that the recent development of Cambourne outside Cambridge is good because it has made a place to live that u can live and work in without having to go elsewhere. This supports the suggestion that settlement growth should be in new settlements like Northstowe because it keeps the villages which the greenbelt was founded to protect. Commuting people from villages who work in Cambridge have been severely affected by these developments because everyone is now trying to get into Cambridge the traffic is piling up and because Cambridge was not built to hold the vast amount of traffic that there is there are daily jams when people are trying to get in and out during peak times. Chapter 3 My analysis of the 2 Cambridge sits and the 3 out of Cambridge sites reveal that although the housing is better quality and the places are of better standard outside they are producing huge amounts of traffic going into Cambridge where there is nowhere for them all to go, whereas the Cambridge sites make Cambridge easy to walk to making the traffic problems less but at a reduced niceness of house. Advantages of Cambridge site Disadvantages of Cambridge site * Easy to get into town * Can do things in town without having to worry about getting transport back * Doesn’t increase traffic problem * Not far from the centre of Cambridge * Not far from a train station * Not far from work * Not very much space * Can be loud * Can be impossible to get out of Cambridge because of the traffic * If there are road works you can still be late because of the traffic jams from the other cars * Houses small and expensive Advantages of non Cambridge site Disadvantages of non Cambridge site * Open spaces for parks and play areas * Cleaner environment * The area is well landscaped * Quiet environment * The traffic is light * There is off street parking * Pedestrians are well served for as well as cyclists * Good roads for motorists * Can be far away from Cambridge * Commuting causes huge traffic problems by large amounts of people all needing to get in at the same time * There might not be any public transport routes in where the new village is. The alternatives being suggested are new villages/towns, new business parks next to old settlements, re-use land inside Cambridge or to use land on the edge of Cambridge’s greenbelt like Milton or King’s Hedges. These are not likely to happen in the near future because Northstowe is currently being planned, also the new town idea is Northstowe, and it will be a new town when built. The best choice would be to use brownfield sites in Cambridge itself or to revitalise places by building business parks next to old settlements providing more work out of Cambridge. Chapter 4 6,000 new homes to be built at Northstowe by 2016, with an expansion to approximately 8,000 new homes by 2021 and beyond, there is going 2 be another boom in traffic in the centre of Cambridge and it won’t be able to cope so the pollution level will increase and so will the vandalism and crime in Cambridge. The way to reduce impact on the city of Cambridge when Northstowe is built is by making Cambridge easily accessible by bus, guided bus or train, this would reduce the traffic in the centre of Cambridge. To make this settlement work, in my findings, there should be open spaces, spacious good quality housing, a variety of style of housing, the houses should have amenities and they should have privacy. Also the area should be quiet, well landscaped and should be suited for cyclists, pedestrians and motorists. There should be nearby schools, leisure facilities, shopping facilities, and a business park and also it should be well served by public transport. Doing this would reduce Cambridge’s problems by making jobs outside of the centre of Cambridge, reducing the commuting, likewise with the good public transport. The schools would mean that people wouldn’t have to do a school run into Cambridge making the traffic even less. Having open spaces makes people stay in a village because they can go and relax there and also it means there can be clubs held which get the village together. Leisure facilities such as a swimming pool, cinema or a gym would give the people an alternative nearby instead of having 2 go into Cambridge for these. Also a village hall would be good for hosting parties or clubs such as a youth club that would keep youths out of Cambridge and keep them off the streets. Conclusion I agree that lessons have been learnt from Bar Hill and Cambourne but I doubt that these lessons will be used to full effect, because although Bar Hill’s circular outer road has been abolished from Cambourne and from what they expect Northstowe to look like (see diagram 1) it was quite a clever idea. Also from Bar Hill we have learnt that just because there are jobs that are in the village/town you are in, it doesn’t mean that the people will work there, they are more likely to commute to either Cambridge or London from a nearby train station. The lessons learned from both of these new developments are saying the same thing that Cambridge cannot cope with the traffic that is pouring in from all the new settlements and from all the older ones. Also they have learnt that schools must be built nearby or in the town to help cope with the children because they cannot fit into the existing schools and the commuting to school would also put huge amounts of traffic on the road and this is what we are trying to stop. I don’t believe that Northstowe is the answer to Cambridge’s problems but other than flattening it and starting again from scratch, which is not do-able I believe it is the best way forward. Another thing that should be built is a church of some kind because people commuting into Cambridge or nearby villages to go to church could also be seen as a problem to some people especially is a town like Northstowe had to move into the surrounding villages it would spell disaster for these quiet country villages. Evaluation If I did this project again I would improve it by going at a better time of day where there are more people about to complete the survey, and by visiting there more than once, to go back on a variety of occasions to see what exactly happens there. I think I’d need more time to get better feel for the survey and I could use more information on Northstowe to truly discover what they will be building. How to cite Northstowe Good or Bad, Papers

Advertising Agency for Grey Group - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAdvertising Agency for Grey Group. Answer: Introduction Grey Group is a global marketing and advertising agency that has its headquarters in New York City. They have their offices in 432 locations in 154 cities, spread in offices in 96 countries. They are geographically divided into four units: North America; Europe, Middle East Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The group is an unit of the communication conglomerate WPP Group, having subsidiaries like Grey, G2, GHG, GCI Group, MediaCom Worldwide, Alliance, G WHIZ, and WING. They operations in disciplines like advertising, direct marketing, public relations, public affairs, brand development, customer relationship management, sales promotion and interactive marketing (Global - About | Grey Advertising Global | Famously Effective Since 1917, 2017). Discussion The Grey Group have their office in Toronto at 46 Spadina Ave #500, Toronto, ON M5V 2H8, Canada. The main clients of this agency are internationally famous names like Procter Gamble, GlaxoSmithKline, Nokia, British American Tobacco, Diageo, Volkswagen, Novartis, Wyeth, Canon, DirecTV, and 3M. The company was founded in 1917, continued as a public company and today is one of worlds most innovative companies. The office in Canada was opened in 1958, with footprints spread out in Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. It is one of the top Canadian agency that has expertise in all types of marketing disciplines. The company has always focused on driving of results at the time of acquiring attention for their clients for more than 100 years. The company is employing around 6,500 people and earning a revenue of 1.307 billion in USD. The most singular purpose of the group is building the value of their client brands. The company has always focused persistently on their clients, judging their own performance with the help of growth rates and their prospects with the help of the faith the clients show in them. This enduring strengths has become rooted in their souls and has permeated their vision and their work. Under WPP, Grey Group is the smallest among the Big Four of the advertising networks, but has seen success for several years since 2010. It has a strong reputation for careful account management and that has led to the earning of loyalty from many long-standing advertisers, most prominently Procter Gamble and GlaxoSmithKline, both of which have been clients for the last 60 years, and then 40 years of loyalty from Canon. Grey Group has strong client relationships and is conventionally more famous for careful and methodical account managementinstead of outstanding creativity. Since mid-2000s the agency has taken up big steps for improving the overall quality of their output with the help of their London and New York offices. It ultimately led to a range of significant account gains. Before the group got acquired by WPP, it had for long been the subject of merger speculation. Even though a small number of shares were publicly traded, Grey was in all its intents and purpose a private company that was controlled by the patriarch Ed Meyer. The speculations came to an end in the year 2004 when Meyer revealed that he is considering a sale. The deal with WPP got finally completed in the year 2005 (Advertising, Branding, Consumer Insight, Digital, Marketing, PR, Design, Media - WPP, 2017). The digital team has more than 180 dedicated members and more than 85% of the clients are using the service of the company for completely integrated work. The activation team of the group is award-winning and is known for producing some famously effective work for their clients by means of connecting the brands with culture. The companys approach to PR is their unparalleled secret weapon. They are the only marketing communications organization that have a full-service public relation group that is embedded directly inside the agency. Grey PR makes sure that the clients people, campaign, brands and products are in coordination with the strategic earned media plans that are given the responsibility of delivering powerful ROI. Grey Group is known for bringing a rigorously meticulous approach to all forms of media practices, with the brand and media planners working closely together like a team in close collaboration with the account and creative management. The unique approach of the co mpany has integrated Shopper Marketing principles from the campaign ideation stage, having an influence over the key visual, toolkit strategy development and product claim. The Mobile and Connected Experiences team has assisted in connecting with brands more deeply for the customers. The organization is led by their CEO Michael Houston and Executive Chairman Jim Heekin (Grey Group: advertising and marketing profile at Adbrands.net, 2017). The agency has received several awards from different institutes like the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity for Excellence in Partnerships with a Talent, the DAD Awards for Use of PR, the CLIO Awards for Product Innovation, the AICP Next Awards for Experiential and many more. The top competitors for Grey Global Group are Omnicom Group Inc, The Interpublic Group of Companies Inc and Publicis Groupe SA. The company has strong operations and a good market reputation for quality work. Even though they have strong ties with their clients, they still have not been able to become a formidable brand in comparison with other big market players. They have limited marketing skills for attracting business. However, they have the opportunity of using online advertising as a new form of revenue. They can adapt new strategies for doing marketing research, which would help bring in more revenues for the company. The company can use decentralized decision making as a form of local mar keting, as it differs from one region to another. The company still has some looming threats on its head like the increase in number of lawsuits because of sheer negligence in the making of ads. There is the threat of recession hitting the industry as the cut is majorly looming on the marketing budget of corporates. Moreover, cut throat competition is experienced in the industry by the other major market players (Grey Group, 2017). Conclusion Grey Group as an effective and efficient organization is in operations since 1917. They majorly fall in the category of advertising and corporate organizations. Their major target group are organizations who are in need of a good marketing communication agency. They have positioned themselves in the market after realizing the current trends for effective and efficient communications. References and Bibliography Advertising, Branding, Consumer Insight, Digital, Marketing, PR, Design, Media - WPP. (2017).Wpp.com. Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://www.wpp.com/wpp/ Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Belch, G. E., Belch, M. A., Kerr, G. F., Powell, I. (2014).Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Global - About | Grey Advertising Global | Famously Effective Since 1917. (2017).Global. Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://grey.com/global/about Grey Group : advertising and marketing profile at Adbrands.net. (2017).Adbrands.net. Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://www.adbrands.net/us/greygroup_us.htm Grey Group. (2017).Adweek.com. Retrieved 13 October 2017, from https://www.adweek.com/tag/Grey-Group/ Puzakova, M., Kwak, H., Ramanathan, S., Rocereto, J. F. (2016). Painting Your Point: The Role of Color in Firms' Strategic Responses to Product Failures via Advertising and Marketing Communications.Journal of Advertising,45(4), 365-376.

The Good Deed Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Good Deed Essay, Research Paper The Good Deed Many people do good workss for a broad assortment of grounds. A good title is assisting person without looking for a wages or a rap on the dorsum. Think about how much one receives and see volunteering to assist person, maintain busy, refund a dept, or merely for merriment! No affair what, it will experience good after assisting another. In my instance I choose to assist the R.O.T.C. with the Shepherd Center and the Redemption Army for the Doll and Toy Fund Distribution. For some unusual ground I thought it would be a great thought to assist famlies in demand. Certain I have donated money for Adopt a Child in category around Christmas clip but acquiring to really see the childs choice and have their nowadayss, this would be an experience I would neer bury. When I got up Saturday forenoon to travel to Bolton I thought this would be the easiest yet most fantastic thing I # 8217 ; ve of all time done in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Good Deed Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I thought incorrectly. When I got to the school at that place was people wrapped around the edifice and autos everyplace. I proceeded to walk into the male childs gym anteroom where there were dozenss of unopened boxes of playthings everyplace. I grabbed the box cutter and started opening boxes. After all the boxes were opened, Angela and I started doing shows with the Easy Bake Ovens and all the collectible Barbies. I wasn # 8217 ; t so acrimonious any longer I was get downing to hold merriment. About nine 30 we opened the doors and households started to pour into the anteroom. Some parents that came in had five and six kids that came in with them. While at the same clip some parents came entirely came entirely so the childs Christmas nowadayss would be a surprise. At first I helped manus out the plaything at the tabular array. The small male childs seemed to truly wish the cool looking remote control PT Land Cruisers. Maybe that # 8217 ; s why they were all gone by 10 o # 8217 ; clock. Then I handed out batteries for the kids # 8217 ; s playthings. As I was a acquiring a small world-weary I thought to myse low frequency, †If I was of all time traveling to acquire to interact and speak to these people I would hold to happen a manner to acquire out of passing out batteries. # 8221 ; With so many people coming in and out, All I could state them was Merry Christmas before they rushed out of the jammed country. About 10 30 I managed to happen a manner to acquire outside. So I went to the Salvation Army truck were my friend Sarah was. We had to assist the people take these large boxes of nutrient to there autos. The first box I held I thought that it would be every bit light as a feather, I was terribly incorrect. That box felt as if it were 40 lbs. There must hold been a whole Meleagris gallopavo and all the fixingss in those boxes. I had to transport one box all the manner to the side street across from Bolton. By the clip we reached the auto my finger tips were asleep. I didn # 8217 ; t seem to detect because I was speaking to a Mexican lady who kept inquiring me if I was alright. She told me how this might be the lone nutrient that her childs might acquire to eat on Christmas. She must hold had four or five childs because she had about that many playthings. This truly made me believe off how blessed I am to hold two parents who can take attention of me. I helped many more people to their autos but the Mexican adult female was the lone 1 who seemed to lodge in my caput. About 12 O # 8217 ; clock we were to take an hr interruption. I was so aroused thought I get to assist some more parents and childs take nutrient to their auto, when my sister showed up early at the school and I had to leave. I was so disquieted because I was suppose to remain and assist till three o # 8217 ; clock. When I got home all I could believe about was how much merriment it was assisting person other than myself. When I finished my good title I thought about how much merriment I had assisting other people. Although I might be assisting person today person else might be assisting me tomorrow. Alternatively of thought of it as something I did for person I think of it as an exchange, my aid for the smilings on their face.

The Machine Learning Essay Sample

The Machine Learning Essay SampleIf you are one of the thousands of students who are taking the GRE or Graduate Record Examination, then I strongly suggest that you take a look at the Machine Learning Essay Sample. This is a set of essays that are designed to help you prepare for the test. There are many different types of writing that you will be required to do, so you need to make sure that you have enough material to work with.It is important to understand that although there are some helpful tips that you can follow when writing an essay, such as avoiding using statistics, you will need to think about your ability to understand complex concepts if you want to do well on the Machine Learning Essay Sample. Therefore, you will want to spend the most time that you need to in studying the Machine Learning Essay Sample.You should take some time to review all of the topics that are included in the Machine Learning Essay Sample. I suggest that you start off by going through all of the in troductory material before getting into the meat of the actual questions. Take note of all of the sample questions and what they are asked about, so that you can use these as a guide to help you get started.The Machine Learning Essay Sample includes one single section. This section will ask you to write about a specific machine. Be sure that you know what machine you are supposed to write about before getting started.If you are interested in taking practice tests, then I would suggest that you purchase some GRE practice tests. These practice tests can be found online or you can contact the College Board and they will send you the test materials to use.If you find the Machine Learning Essay Sample to be useful, then I would recommend that you get the book that is included in the package. You will find out a lot of things about the Machine Learning EssaySample by reading the book, so you might as well get the book and see what you learn. Most people do not like spending money, so if y ou don't want to spend the money, then you should also be able to get a book that is free or it is included in the package.The Machine Learning Essay Sample is great for getting you prepared for the GRE and other standardized testing. If you are interested in doing a little bit of extra preparation, then this is the tool that you should look into. For more information on the test and how to prepare for it, please check out my website!

In Dept To China Essays - Steelmaking, Agricultural Machinery

In Dept To China The World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advance and many of its discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert Temple, the author of The Genius of China 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. The book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11 categories, there are 3 main parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and industrial technology , and engineering. Temple's examples were not limited to these fields of innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare and transportation, to name a few. Although Temple wrote about eleven fields of invention, I feel that these three sections contain the greatest examples of Chinese innovation, and the debt that the modern world owes China. The first main area is the field of engineering. Within this chapter, the devel opment of iron and steel is the greatest achievement. The development of iron and steel led to other advances. By at least the 4th century the Chinese have developed blast furnaces to obtain cast iron from iron ore. This was 1200 years before the first blast furnace showed up in Europe. The reasons that the author gave to explain the reasons why the Chinese developed this technology are simple. The Chinese had access to large amounts of clay, the key ingredient in making blast furnaces. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance they called :Black Earth,? they could lower the melting point of iron. Another major invention of the Chinese, that led to other achievements, is steel. The common belief today is that Henry Bessemer discovered the process of refining iron into steel. The fact is Chinese had developed the process to refine iron into steel in the second century BC The Chinese learned that by injecting oxygen into the blast furnace, they could remove the carbon fr om the iron. The Chinese called this process the ?hundred refinings method? since they repeated the process that many times. The finished product was highly prized in China for its strength and ability to hold an edge on a sword. The Chinese would weld the steel onto weaker iron thus creating a strong edge and a superior weapon. The Chinese iron and steel workers were the best at making different types of metals into modern times. But then, no one else could have done so at the time, since iron existed nowhere else but in China. The Chinese invented the chain pump in the first century AD The chain pump allows water to the pumped from lower to higher elevations. The chain pumps were used for draining and pumping in civil engineering, but what is more important is it was used for irrigation. Irrigation allows for greater and more intense farming, thus resulting in a better crop yield. With the greater crop yields larger populations can be supported. The chain pump was exported to all parts of the world by way of visiting ambassadors and dignitaries. The first European chain pump appeared in the sixteenth century, and was a direct copy of the Chinese version. The second area of great Chinese achievement is in domestic and industrial technology. The most recognized Chinese invention is in the field of domestic and industrial technology, paper. Paper was invented around the second century BC and was used as clothing. One might not believe that paper could be used as clothing, but the paper made at that time used thicker and tougher paper fibers. Not only was paper used for clothing, it was also used for military body armor. The Chinese found out that pleated sheets of paper could stop the penetration of arrows. The paper armor was standard issue with Chinese land and sea units. Paper's writing property was not discovered till about one century after its discovery. The earliest example of writing on paper was found an abandon military post. The paper found dates bac k to 110 AD and contained two dozen readable characters. The area that let China grow and expand was the innovations in the area of agriculture.